What Is Guardianship?

Guardianship in Florida

Guardianship is a legal process in which a court appoints an individual or entity (the guardian) to make decisions on behalf of another person (the ward) who is unable to manage their own affairs. In Florida, this typically involves individuals who are incapacitated due to age, illness, injury, or developmental disabilities. Burzynski Elder Law is here to help.

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In the Greater Naples and Southwest Florida region, guardianship is often initiated when an elderly loved one begins to show signs of cognitive decline, or when a younger individual with special needs requires long-term oversight and protection. 

 

Who Needs a Guardian?

Guardianship may be appropriate for individuals who:

  • Are elderly and suffer from Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia
  • Have suffered a traumatic brain injury or stroke
  • Live with developmental or intellectual disabilities
  • Are minors who have inherited assets or lost their parents
  • Are vulnerable to exploitation, abuse, or neglect

It is a significant legal measure that should only be considered when there are no less restrictive alternatives available, such as a durable power of attorney, health care surrogate designation, or trust arrangement.

Types of Guardianship in Florida

Florida law recognizes several forms of guardianship to meet different needs:

1. Plenary Guardianship

This is the most comprehensive form of guardianship. The guardian is granted full legal authority to make all decisions for the ward—personal, medical, and financial. It is typically reserved for individuals who are totally incapacitated.

2. Limited Guardianship

In cases where the ward is partially incapacitated, a limited guardianship may be established. The guardian is only authorized to make decisions in areas specified by the court, while the ward retains the ability to make decisions in other areas.

3. Guardian Advocacy

This applies specifically to individuals with developmental disabilities. It is a streamlined process that does not require a full incapacity determination. Guardian advocacy can be less complex and more appropriate for families with adult children who have autism, Down syndrome, or other qualifying conditions.

4. Emergency Temporary Guardianship

In urgent cases—such as when a person is at risk of abuse, financial exploitation, or self-harm—Florida courts may appoint a temporary guardian for up to 90 days while a full guardianship petition is processed.

5. Guardianship of the Person vs. Guardianship of the Property

A guardian of the person handles personal and medical decisions, while a guardian of the property manages the ward’s assets, income, and financial obligations. Often, a guardian may be appointed for both roles.

How the Guardianship Process Works in Florida

In Florida, the guardianship process is governed by Chapter 744 of the Florida Statutes. It begins with a court petition and includes several key steps:

1. Filing a Petition to Determine Incapacity

The process begins when a concerned party—often a family member or friend—files a Petition to Determine Incapacity with the probate court. This petition outlines the reasons for seeking guardianship.

2. Appointment of an Examining Committee

The court will appoint a three-person examining committee, typically composed of a physician, psychologist, and social worker. They evaluate the alleged incapacitated person (AIP) and file written reports with the court.

3. Hearing on Incapacity

A hearing is held where the court reviews the findings of the examining committee, listens to testimony, and determines whether the person is fully or partially incapacitated.

4. Filing for Guardianship

If incapacity is confirmed, a Petition for Appointment of Guardian is filed. The court must determine that the proposed guardian is qualified, capable, and acting in the best interest of the ward.

5. Appointment and Oversight

Once appointed, the guardian is required to complete training, file an initial care plan and inventory of assets, and provide annual reports to the court. This ensures continued protection and accountability.

Who Can Serve as a Guardian?

In Florida, a guardian must be:

  • 18 years or older
  • Of sound mind
  • Not a convicted felon (unless rights have been restored)

Professional guardians or public guardians may be appointed if no suitable family members are available or willing to serve. Family members are often preferred by the court, provided they can carry out the necessary duties responsibly.

Guardian Responsibilities

A guardian has a fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of the ward. Their responsibilities may include:

  • Making decisions about medical treatment, housing, and daily living
  • Managing finances, paying bills, and preserving assets
  • Filing reports and accountings with the court
  • Preventing and reporting abuse, exploitation, or neglect
  • Advocating for the ward’s needs and preferences

Guardians must also keep accurate records, maintain regular contact with the ward, and consult professionals (such as attorneys or financial advisors) when necessary.

Alternatives to Guardianship

Because guardianship involves removing rights from an individual, Florida courts encourage the use of less restrictive alternatives whenever possible. These include:

  • Durable Power of Attorney – Allows an individual to appoint someone to manage their finances and legal matters
  • Health Care Surrogate – Designates a person to make medical decisions
  • Living Trust – Allows a trustee to manage assets according to set instructions
  • Representative Payee – For managing Social Security or Veterans benefits

These tools should ideally be put in place while the person is still competent, making them an important part of proactive elder law planning.

Cost of Guardianship

The cost of establishing and maintaining a guardianship can vary based on the complexity of the case, legal fees, guardian fees, and required court filings. Typical costs may include:

  • Attorney’s fees for initial filings and representation
  • Examining committee and court fees
  • Ongoing guardian and accounting services

These costs are usually paid from the ward’s assets. In some cases, Florida’s Office of Public and Professional Guardians may provide services for indigent individuals.

Common Guardianship Challenges

While guardianship is often necessary, it is not without its challenges:

  • Family Disputes – Conflicts may arise over who should serve as guardian or how decisions are made.
  • Loss of Rights – Wards may feel disempowered or experience emotional distress from losing autonomy.
  • Abuse of Power – In rare cases, guardians may mismanage funds or act inappropriately. Florida has strengthened its oversight to prevent this.
  • Court Oversight Burden – Guardians must navigate detailed legal requirements and reporting obligations.

Working with an experienced elder law attorney can help families navigate these issues and ensure that guardianship is used appropriately and ethically.

How Burzynski Elder Law Can Help

Located in Naples, Florida, Burzynski Elder Law has been serving families throughout Southwest Florida for over three decades. Our experienced attorneys and staff provide compassionate, personalized guidance in all aspects of guardianship law, including:

  • Filing for guardianship or guardian advocacy
  • Representing families at incapacity hearings
  • Helping avoid guardianship through proactive planning
  • Training and advising guardians on their legal duties
  • Litigating disputes or resolving guardian misconduct

We understand that placing a loved one under guardianship is never an easy decision. Our goal is to support you every step of the way, ensuring that your loved one is protected with dignity and compassion.

Contact Us

If you are concerned about a family member’s ability to manage their affairs or are seeking guidance on Florida guardianship laws, we encourage you to reach out to Burzynski Elder Law today.

Call us at (239) 434-8557 or visit burzynskilaw.com to schedule a consultation.

Your peace of mind—and your loved one’s safety—are worth it.

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